Paul Sargent Makes History
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  • AP European History
    • Historical Reasoning Skills
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      • Interaction of Europe and the World
      • Poverty and Prosperity
      • Objective Knowledge and Subjective Visions
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      • Individual and Society
      • National and European Identity
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    • Period 2: 1648-1815
    • Period 3: 1815-1914
    • Period 4: 1914-Present
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    • Constitutional Underpinnings
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Nationalism and Realism

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The Big Picture

Picture
After the revolutionary upheavals of the Age of Ideologies, nationalist leaders began to search for more realistic approaches to unification or separation. Led by Cavour in Italy and Bismarck in Prussia, politicians utilized the concept of realpolitik to craft plans to further the aims of their people. In the end, Germany became unified, Italy became unified, and Hungary gained its semi-independence.

At the same time, the continuing plight of workers in the industrial age gave rise to a new brand of socialism, which was best exemplified by the ideas of Karl Marx. Moving away from the utopian ideals of guys like Fourier and Owen, Marx called for a radical revolution leading to a classless society, a concept that appealed to workers throughout Europe and that still resonates with academics and social activists today.

Science continued to further the improvement of medical practices and the understanding of how human societies worked. Public health improved in cities, as disease was attacked and, at times, eradicated. However, many traditional medical practices remained in use.

Finally, the artistic and literary movement of Romanticism, like the political revolutions of 1848, faded in to a time of Realism. Artists and writers increasingly sought to depict the real lives of ordinary Europeans, reflecting the successes of realpolitik and the increasing importance of the everyday European in the larger society.

Whew! That's a lot for one unit of study. But there are some great stories here, so enjoy them. They raise great questions about the nature of politics and the effect political decisions have on the lives of ordinary people. They beg the question of whether the ends really justify the means and what constitutes justifiable ends. Good luck!


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Important Files

Nationalism and Realism Study Guide
File Size: 51 kb
File Type: pdf
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Chapter 22 Study Guide
File Size: 74 kb
File Type: docx
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Chapter 22 Key Understandings
File Size: 130 kb
File Type: docx
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Homework Assignments

Assignment 1: Napoleon III

  • MindTap: Setting the Scene
  • Louis Napoleon: Toward the Second Empire, pages 658-660
  • The Second Napoleonic Empire, page 660
  • Foreign Policy: The Crimean War, pages 660-662
  • AP Euro Bit by Bit: Who Was Napoleon III?
  • Crimean War in 3 Minutes
  • MindTap: The France of Napoleon III

Assignment 2: Italian Unification

  • The Unification of Italy, pages 663-665
  • AP Euro: Italian Unification​

Assignment 3: German Unification

  • The Unification of Germany, pages 665-669
  • AP European History: German Unification
  • German Unification in 3 Minutes
  • MindTap: National Unification - Italy and Germany

Assignment 4: National Reform

  • The Austrian Empire: Toward a Dual Monarchy, pages 670-671
  • Imperial Russia, pages 671-673
  • Great Britain: The Victorian Age, pages 673-675
  • Crash Course: Nationalism
  • MindTap: Nation Building and Reform

​Assignment 5: Marxism

  • Industrialization on the Continent, pages 677-678
  • Marx and Marxism, pages 678-680
  • MindTap: Industrialization and the Marxist Response
  • AP European History: 19th Century Socialism
  • Political Theory: Karl Marx

​Assignment 6: Scientific Advances

  • A New Age of Science, page 680
  • Charles Darwin and the Theory of Organic Evolution, pages 680-682
  • A Revolution in Health Care, pages 682-684
  • Science and the Study of Society, page 684
  • ​AP Euro Bit by Bit: Darwinism and Social Darwinism
  • Crash Course: Natural Selection
  • MindTap: Revolution and Reform

​Assignment 7: Realism

  • Realism in Literature, pages 684-685
  • Realism in Art, pages 686-687
  • ​AP Euro: 19th Century Realist Art
  • MindTap: Science and Culture in the Age of Realism

Assignment 8: Review for Test

  • Chapter Summary, pages 687-688
  • Create mind map
  • MindTap: Nationalism and Reform
  • MindTap: Chapter 22 Quiz
  • MindTap: Chapter 22 AP Review Questions

Primary Sources

Louis Napoleon, Proclamation to the People, 1851
Otto von Bismarck, Speech to the Prussian Reichstag, 1862
Otto von Bismarck, Speech to the German Reichstag, 1888
London Times article on Giuseppe Garibaldi, June 13, 1860
Tsar Alexander II, Imperial Decree, March 3, 1861
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, The Communist Manifesto
Charles Darwin, The Descent of Man
The First Public Demonstration of Ether Anesthesia, 1846
Gustave Flaubert, ​Madame Bovary

Paul Sargent Makes History

  • Home
  • My YouTube Channel
  • AP European History
    • Historical Reasoning Skills
    • Thematic Learning Objectives >
      • Interaction of Europe and the World
      • Poverty and Prosperity
      • Objective Knowledge and Subjective Visions
      • States and Other Institutions of Power
      • Individual and Society
      • National and European Identity
    • Concept Outline
    • Period 1: 1450-1648
    • Period 2: 1648-1815
    • Period 3: 1815-1914
    • Period 4: 1914-Present
    • Exam Review Resources
  • AP Government
    • Concept Outline
    • Constitutional Underpinnings
    • Political Beliefs and Behaviors
    • Linkage Institutions
    • Institutions of Government
    • Civil Rights and Civil Liberties
    • Exam Review
  • Government and Economics
    • Foundations of Government
    • The Constitution
    • Executive Branch
    • The Judicial Branch
    • Voting and Elections
  • My Blog